Key Terms:
Freedmen's Bureau: Helped millions of homeless and hungry southerners, and gave them employment and other life necessities.
The Civil Rights Act of 1866: An act that declared that everyone born in the USA was a citizen.
Fourteenth Amendment: This required states to consider everyone a citizen, and to give everyone equal rights.
Reconstruction Acts: Divided the south into five military districts, and had Union troops stationed in each district to keep order. And to gain readmission to the Union, a state had to ratify the Fourteenth amendment.
Fifteenth Amendment: Gave African Americans the right to vote, but it didn't guarantee it.
Key People:
Thaddeus Stevens: A radical republican who insisted that African Americans be given the right to vote.
Frederick Douglass: Publicly supported African American voting rights.
Summary:
The Moderates Versus The Radicals
*Most Rebuplicans were moderates who's main goal was to restore southern states to the Union.
Supporters of African American Suffrage
*The radical Republican's main goal was to create a new south where everyone was treated equally.
*Not many northerners supported the radical's goal.
*Frederick Douglass, born into slavery in 1817, was taught to read and write by Sophia Auld, the wife of the plantation owner.
*Douglass was sent to a plantation far from Baltimore, and tried to escape, but was betrayed by one of his colleages and was forced to work in a shipyard.
*After the war, Douglass supported many efforts to keep peace between the races, and served as president of the freedmen's bank.
Land Reform
*Some political leaders supported African American rights, and wanted the slaves to have economic independence.
*Land reform wasn't widely supported, particularly govt. seizure of land.
Congress Versus Johnson
*The moderate republicans decided to join with the radicals when they heard about the poor conditions in the south.
The Freedmen's Bureau
*Congress decided to keep the Freedmen's Bureau going.
*The Freedmen's Bureau gave many African Americans education, mostly under northern women.
*When contract disputes arose between laborers and planters, the bureau told the larborers to continue working.
*Congress had only intended to kee the bureau going for one year, but many supported keeping it going.
*President Johnson didn't like the idea of the Bureau, was biased towards white people, and vetoed the bill to keep the organization going.
The Civil Rights Act of 1866:
*Congress was angry with the President for vetoing the bill, and threatened to kill him if he didn't agree to the Civil Rights Act.
*Johnson vetoed this bill, and Congress overrode his veto, as both types of Republicans were sided against him.
The Fourteenth Amendment
*Afraid the Democrats would repeal the Civil Rights Act, they passed the Fourteenth Amendment.
*The amendment helped get black citizens to vote by reducing the number of representatives a state could send to Congress based on the number of black male citizens that couldn't vote.
The Radicals Come To Power
*Johnson tried to gain support of his views from the Midwest, but most people disagreed with them.
Race Riots
*When two carriages collided in Memphis, police arrested the black driver, which caused a huge riot among the black people and the whites.
*When a Confederate was elected to be mayor of New Orleans, the governor supported the radicals.
The Elections of 1866 and the Reconstruction Acts:
*President Johnson's speeches were disliked by many, such as when he blamed Congress for the New Orleans riot.
*Republicans decided that African Americans must be allowed to vote.
Presidental Impeachment
*Tenure of Office Act passed in 1867, which required Senate approval of a replacement before the president could remove an official appointed or confirmed by the Senate.
*President Johnson believed the law was unconstitutional and removed Stanton (sec. of war), and The House of Reps. voted to impeach Johnson.
*A lot of Senators spoke out against the impeachment.
*The case against the president was weak.
*Impeachment trial started in March 1868 the public was against the trial because it was clear that they were just going after Johnson.
*Johnson was found not guilty, and the effort to impeach him failed.
Further Political Difficulties
*The radical republicans attempted to impeach Johnson, which cost them a lot of support.
The Election of 1868
*Republicans candidate: U.S. Grant... Democrats Candidate: H. Seymore, and African Americans supported republicans.
*Grant was elected president.
The Fifteenth Amendment
*The 15th amendment was drafted by Republicans.
*Women still couldn't vote.
11/3/11
Mr. Masterson
Key Terms:
Freedmen's Bureau: Helped millions of homeless and hungry southerners, and gave them employment and other life necessities.
The Civil Rights Act of 1866: An act that declared that everyone born in the USA was a citizen.
Fourteenth Amendment: This required states to consider everyone a citizen, and to give everyone equal rights.
Reconstruction Acts: Divided the south into five military districts, and had Union troops stationed in each district to keep order. And to gain readmission to the Union, a state had to ratify the Fourteenth amendment.
Fifteenth Amendment: Gave African Americans the right to vote, but it didn't guarantee it.
Key People:
Thaddeus Stevens: A radical republican who insisted that African Americans be given the right to vote.
Frederick Douglass: Publicly supported African American voting rights.
Summary:
The Moderates Versus The Radicals
*Most Rebuplicans were moderates who's main goal was to restore southern states to the Union.
Supporters of African American Suffrage
*The radical Republican's main goal was to create a new south where everyone was treated equally.
*Not many northerners supported the radical's goal.
*Frederick Douglass, born into slavery in 1817, was taught to read and write by Sophia Auld, the wife of the plantation owner.
*Douglass was sent to a plantation far from Baltimore, and tried to escape, but was betrayed by one of his colleages and was forced to work in a shipyard.
*After the war, Douglass supported many efforts to keep peace between the races, and served as president of the freedmen's bank.
Land Reform
*Some political leaders supported African American rights, and wanted the slaves to have economic independence.
*Land reform wasn't widely supported, particularly govt. seizure of land.
Congress Versus Johnson
*The moderate republicans decided to join with the radicals when they heard about the poor conditions in the south.
The Freedmen's Bureau
*Congress decided to keep the Freedmen's Bureau going.
*The Freedmen's Bureau gave many African Americans education, mostly under northern women.
*When contract disputes arose between laborers and planters, the bureau told the larborers to continue working.
*Congress had only intended to kee the bureau going for one year, but many supported keeping it going.
*President Johnson didn't like the idea of the Bureau, was biased towards white people, and vetoed the bill to keep the organization going.
The Civil Rights Act of 1866:
*Congress was angry with the President for vetoing the bill, and threatened to kill him if he didn't agree to the Civil Rights Act.
*Johnson vetoed this bill, and Congress overrode his veto, as both types of Republicans were sided against him.
The Fourteenth Amendment
*Afraid the Democrats would repeal the Civil Rights Act, they passed the Fourteenth Amendment.
*The amendment helped get black citizens to vote by reducing the number of representatives a state could send to Congress based on the number of black male citizens that couldn't vote.
The Radicals Come To Power
*Johnson tried to gain support of his views from the Midwest, but most people disagreed with them.
Race Riots
*When two carriages collided in Memphis, police arrested the black driver, which caused a huge riot among the black people and the whites.
*When a Confederate was elected to be mayor of New Orleans, the governor supported the radicals.
The Elections of 1866 and the Reconstruction Acts:
*President Johnson's speeches were disliked by many, such as when he blamed Congress for the New Orleans riot.
*Republicans decided that African Americans must be allowed to vote.
Presidental Impeachment
*Tenure of Office Act passed in 1867, which required Senate approval of a replacement before the president could remove an official appointed or confirmed by the Senate.
*President Johnson believed the law was unconstitutional and removed Stanton (sec. of war), and The House of Reps. voted to impeach Johnson.
*A lot of Senators spoke out against the impeachment.
*The case against the president was weak.
*Impeachment trial started in March 1868 the public was against the trial because it was clear that they were just going after Johnson.
*Johnson was found not guilty, and the effort to impeach him failed.
Further Political Difficulties
*The radical republicans attempted to impeach Johnson, which cost them a lot of support.
The Election of 1868
*Republicans candidate: U.S. Grant... Democrats Candidate: H. Seymore, and African Americans supported republicans.
*Grant was elected president.
The Fifteenth Amendment
*The 15th amendment was drafted by Republicans.
*Women still couldn't vote.